Whisk together the mayonnaise, buffalo hot sauce, garlic, and lemon juice. Refrigerate while you make the shrimp.
Pat the shrimp completely dry with paper towels.
Combine the flour, garlic powder, paprika, and salt in one bowl. Place beaten eggs in a second bowl and panko in a third.
Dredge each shrimp in the flour, then egg, then panko, pressing gently so the crumbs stick.
Preheat the air fryer to 400°F (200°C). Spray the basket lightly with cooking spray.
Arrange the shrimp in a single layer, without crowding. Spray the tops lightly.
Air fry 8 to 10 minutes, flipping halfway through, until golden and crisp.
Toss with buffalo sauce or serve it on the side. Serve immediately with the buffalo aioli.